KPV

 KPV is a tripeptide derived from α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) that has been studied in scientific settings as a KPV peptide for its role in regulating inflammatory responses and immune system activity in non-human models.
 

Research involving mammalian models has explored how KPV peptide may influence certain biological processes:  1.Cytokine Response-Laboratory studies suggest KPV peptide may affect the production of signaling molecules involved in inflammation. Immune Modulation-Investigations have observed KPV peptide uses KPV's interaction with immune cells such as macrophages and T cells.  3.Melanocortin Pathways-KPV peptide has been shown to activate specific receptors in controlled experiments, contributing to research into inflammation regulation.

Preclinical studies have examined  KPV peptide benefits in the context of: Digestive tract balance, joint and connective tissue function, skin integrity and recovery, neurological research models, cellular regeneration processes.

While preclinical studies in mammalian models have not reported significant adverse effects, available data on KPV peptide side effects remains limited. Comprehensive safety information in mammals, particularly for long-term research scenarios, has not yet been fully established. Further studies are required to better understand the safety profile of KPV peptide.
 

KPV is a research peptide of scientific interest due to its observed activity in laboratory models, particularly those examining inflammatory and immune response mechanisms. While various KPV peptide uses have been explored in research settings, KPV has not been reviewed or approved by regulatory bodies for medical or dietary use.

Disclaimer: This material is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This product is intended strictly for laboratory research use and not for human or veterinary consumption.

1. Zhao Y, Xue P, Lin G, Tong M, Yang J, Zhang Y, Ran K, Zhuge D, Yao Q, Xu H. A KPV-binding double-network hydrogel restores gut mucosal barrier in an inflamed colon. Acta Biomater. 2022 Apr 15;143:233-252. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.039. Epub 2022 Mar 1. PMID: 35245681.

2. Shao W, Chen R, Lin G, Ran K, Zhang Y, Yang J, Pan H, Shangguan J, Zhao Y, Xu H. In situ mucoadhesive hydrogel capturing tripeptide KPV: the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and repairing effect on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Biomater Sci. 2021 Dec 21;10(1):227-242. doi: 10.1039/d1bm01466h. PMID: 34846053.

3. Xiao B, Xu Z, Viennois E, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Han MK, Kang Y, Merlin D. Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis. Mol Ther. 2017 Jul 5;25(7):1628-1640. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.11.020. Epub 2017 Jan 28. PMID: 28143741; PMCID: PMC5498804.

4. Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman S, Merlin D. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2008 Jan;134(1):166-78. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.026. Epub 2007 Oct 17. PMID: 18061177; PMCID: PMC2431115.

5. Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, Luegering A, Ross M, Brzoska T, Bohm M, Luger TA, Domschke W, Kucharzik T. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008 Mar;14(3):324-31. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20334. PMID: 18092346.

6. Hiltz ME, Lipton JM. Antiinflammatory activity of a COOH-terminal fragment of the neuropeptide alpha-MSH. FASEB J. 1989 Sep;3(11):2282-4. PMID: 2550304.

7. Pawar K, Kolli CS, Rangari VK, Babu RJ. Transdermal Iontophoretic Delivery of Lysine-Proline-Valine (KPV) Peptide Across Microporated Human Skin. J Pharm Sci. 2017 Jul;106(7):1814-1820. doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.017. Epub 2017 Mar 24. PMID: 28343991.

8. Colombo G, Gatti S, Sordi A, Turcatti F, Carlin A, Rossi C, Lonati C, Catania A. Production and effects of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone during acute lung injury. Shock. 2007 Mar;27(3):326-33. doi: 10.1097/01.shk.0000239764.80033.7e. PMID: 17304115.

9. Ichiyama T, Sato S, Okada K, Catania A, Lipton JM. The neuroimmunomodulatory peptide alpha-MSH. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;917:221-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05386.x. PMID: 11268347.